Отрочество какой это возраст: этапы взросления. Что такое отрочество? :: SYL.ru

О.—ю. — период перехода от детства к ранней взрослости, начинающийся примерно с 11—13 лет и заканчивающийся в возрасте от 18 лет до 21 года, однако его точные временные границы зависят от таких разнотипных факторов, как окружающая культура и биолог. развитие. Этот переход связан с изменениями в биолог., когнитивном и соц. развитии.

Хотя начало научного изучения О.—ю. обычно датируется временем публикации известного труда С. Холла, эмпирические исслед., сконцентрированные на этом периоде развития, существенно отстали по количеству и качеству работ от сравнимых исслед. детей и детства. Центры по изучению развития ребенка, программы подготовки дипломированных специалистов в области детского развития и соотв. научные журналы превосходят численно аналогичные формы работы, направленные на улучшение наших знаний о подростках — юношах и девушках.

Несмотря на однозначность пубертатных изменений (скачок роста, изменения половых признаков и уровней выделения гормонов), они подготавливаются постепенно. Указать точно, когда индивидуум вступает в период О. — ю. и когда выходит из него, отнюдь не так легко, как может показаться. Однако в настоящее время пубертат, по-видимому, наступает все же раньше, чем в прошлые десятилетия, и это связано, вероятно, с улучшившимся здоровьем и питанием. Такая отрасль знания, как генетика поведения, начинает приносить пользу в объяснении таких изменений.

Подростки претерпевают не только биолог. изменения; они испытывают не менее существенные когнитивные перемены. Большинство исследователей сходятся в том, что наступление О. — ю. еще нельзя считать сигналом появления полностью сформировавшегося мышления на уровне формальных операций. Согласно альтернативной т. зр., выраженной в модели ветвления (branch model), осн. (доминирующая) линия подросткового мышления яв-ся по характеру формально-операциональной (более абстрактной и организованной по сравнению с конкретно-операциональной), но при этом вполне возможно существование дополнительных, обходных путей мышления. Еще одна теорет. позиция предлагает выделять в формально-операциональном мышлении раннюю и позднюю стадии.

Многочисленные приложения теории Пиаже к обучению подростков опирались на предположение о том, что большинство подростков мыслят на уровне конкретных операций и, следовательно, их следует обучать менее абстрактными, более конкретными способами.

Соц. переходы юношей и девушек собирают в фокусе такие разнородные сферы личности, как идентичность, независимость, половые роли, моральные устои и нравственные ценности, достижения. Вероятно, конструкт идентичности более, чем любой другой, интуитивно охватывает ряд самых важных изменений, происходящих в период О.—ю.

Исследователей всегда интересовали два типа окружения, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на развитие в О. — ю.: сверстники и родители. Одно недавно проведенное исслед. свидетельствует о том, что добровольное подчинение антисоциальным сверстникам достигает пика примерно в IX классе, а к XII классу конфликт между нормами родителей и сверстников становится менее выраженным. Хотя авторитарная дисциплина, по-видимому, подавляет развитие независимости в О.—ю., а демократический стиль родительского поведения, напротив, способствует ее развитию, исследователи могли бы уделить больше внимания таким понятиям, как «реципрокная социализация» и «синхрония—асинхрония». Последнее понятие, суть к-рого в том, что компетентные родители придерживаются порядка в проявлении инициативы и лидерства, кажется особенно существенным для успешного выполнения родительских функций в течение О. — ю.

Исторические перемены

Нек-рые теоретики и исследователи считают, что несоразмерно много внимания уделялось проблемам и отклонениям в период О.—ю., тогда как большинство юношей и девушек даже в т. н. «бунтарские» времена конца 1960-х гг., рационально и законопослушно продвигаются в направлении зрелой взрослости.

Хотя в любой период времени довольно легко впасть в стереотипизацию подростков, нек-рые ист. перемены, видимо, действительно имели место. Конгер указывает на неск. таких перемен: а) что касается половых ролей, теперь больше матерей, к-рые работают и зарабатывают деньги, служат ролевыми моделями, и больше девочек-подростков воспитывается в андрогинном, а не в традиционно феминном духе; б) значительно больше подростков растут в семьях, где мать работает, а тж в семьях, разрушенных разводом; в) по-видимому, происходит более тонкое изменение, к-рое трудно определить точно, но лучше всего можно охарактеризовать как возросший интерес к себе.

См. также Развитие в отрочестве-юности, Развитие человека, Развитие на протяжении жизни

Дж. У. Сэнтрок

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90000 What Is The Adolescent Age Range, And What Challenges Do Adolescents Face? 90001
90002 By Joy Youell 90003

90002 Updated December 03, 2019 90003

90002 Reviewer Aaron Horn 90003
90002

Adolescence
is
a
unique
time
in
which
children
become
adults.
This
journey
is
full
of
firsts.
Teens
and
the
adults
who
love
them
may
find
that
new
boundaries
and
communication
patterns
being
established.There
are
many
things
to
celebrate
about
this
season,
as
well
as
many
challenges.
Here
are
some
helpful
facts
to
understand
about
this
developmental
phase
and
some
advice
as
you
navigate
a
new
season
of
your
relationship
with
a
teenager. 90003
90002

90002 Concerned About The Challenges That Adolescents Face? 90003 Get Answers Now. Speak With A Licensed Teen Counselor Online Today. 90013 90014 Source:
unsplash.com 90015 90003
90002
90018
Challenges
of
Adolescence 90019 90003
90002

Young
people
in
the
adolescent
age
range
are
commonly
described
as
rebellious,
self-centered,
troubled,
or
just
plain
difficult.This
time
is
also
full
of
freedom,
independence,
and
accelerated
growth.
While
it
is
true
that
adolescence
can
be
a
tumultuous
time
for
children
and
parents
alike,
the
adolescent
can
navigate
these
years
successfully
to
mature
into
healthy
adults.
Adults
can
better
understand
the
goals
of
adolescence
and
work
with
their
teens
by
providing
support
in
their
growth.
Adolescents
and
adults
around
them
can
benefit
from
learning
more
about
this
challenging
time
in
young
people’s
lives. 90003
90002
90018
What
Is
the
Age
Range
Of
Adolescent
People? 90019 90003
90002

The
most
common
adolescent
age
range
definition
is
simply
‘Teens.’
We
think
of
adolescents
as
people
who
are
teenagers.
This
transitional
phase
takes
them
on
a
journey
that
carries
them
from
childhood
to
adulthood. 90003
90002

Different
sources
cite
different
adolescent
age
range
numbers.
For
example,
the
World
Health
Organization
says
adolescents
are
between
the
ages
of
10
and
19.
Other
sources
set
the
minimum
age
higher,
at
12
years
old.
Some
say
the
age
range
should
go
to
about
24
years
old

when
the
brain
actually
stops
developing.
Whatever
the
specific
numbers
are,
adolescence
is
loosely
defined
as
occurring
between
late
childhood
and
early
adulthood.90003
90002
90018
Phases
of
Adolescence 90019 90003
90002

Psychologists
break
down
the
age
range
for
adolescent
people
into
three
distinct
phases.
These
are
early,
middle,
and
late
adolescence.
Each
of
these
phases
comes
with
its
characteristics,
challenges,
and
goals. 90003
90037
90038

Early
adolescence
occurs
between
10-14
years
of
age 90039
90038

Middle
adolescence
occurs
between
15-17
years
of
age 90039
90038

Late
adolescence
continues
from
age
18
to
adulthood 90039
90044
90002
90018
Rites
of
Passage 90019 90003
90002

During
adolescence,
people
go
through
many
rites
of
passage.These
are
specific
events
that
mark
the
maturation
from
childhood
to
adulthood.
Some
of
the
most
common
rites
of
passage
in
the
modern
Western
world,
and
particularly
in
America,
include: 90003
90051
90038

Baptism
or
confirmation 90039
90038

Beginning
of
menstruation
for
girls 90039
90038

Getting
a
driver’s
license 90039
90038

Sweet
16
party 90039
90038

First
date 90039
90038

First
sexual
encounter 90039
90038

18th
birthday 90039
90038

High
school
graduation 90039
90038

Moving
away
from
home
for
the
first
time 90039
90038

First
job 90039
90038

21st
birthday
marking
the
end
of
adolescence 90039
90074
90002

90013 90014 Source:
unsplash.com 90015 90003
90002
90018
Physical
Challenges 90019 90003
90002

Adolescents
face
several
challenges
related
to
the
physical
changes
in
their
bodies.
If
they
are
healthy,
this
is
typically
the
time
when
they’re
at
the
peak
of
their
physical
speed,
strength,
and
endurance.
Many
early
adolescents
gain
or
lose
weight
before
they
stabilize
later
during
these
years.
They
have
more
independence
at
this
phase,
so
they
need
to
learn
to
make
the
right
food
choices
and
include
exercise
in
their
daily
routines
without
being
prompted
by
parents.Adolescents
also
are
dealing
with
a
body
that
is
beginning
to
make
their
gender
more
evident.
They’re
not
only
getting
used
to
new
physical
sensations,
but
they’re
also
noticing
their
sex
drive,
perhaps
for
the
first
time. 90003
90002
90018
Intellectual
Challenges 90019 90003
90002

As
children
become
adults,
they’re
faced
with
new
intellectual
challenges.
Their
schoolwork
becomes
more
demanding.
They’re
supervised
less
and
need
to
learn
to
manage
their
time
and
schoolwork
on
their
own.Whereas
childhood
is
lived
mostly
in
the
here
and
now,
adolescents
develop
a
greater
capacity
to
plan
for
the
future.
Intellectual
characteristics
are
also
changing.
During
childhood,
people
see
things
in
pretty
concrete
terms.
However,
during
adolescence,
people
can
begin
to
understand
more
abstract
concepts.
Adolescents
who
get
a
job
will
need
to
learn
the
requirements
for
that
work
as
well
as
skills
that
allow
them
to
complete
it
successfully. 90003
90002
90018
Social
Challenges 90019 90003
90002

Although
children
do
have
friends,
much
of
their
social
contact
is
with
family
members.During
adolescence,
people
begin
to
make
more
friends
outside
of
that
small
circle
and
spend
more
time
with
those
friends.
They
have
friends
of
both
genders
and
typically
have
their
first
romantic
relationships.
Most
adolescents
have
experienced
the
feeling
of
falling
in
love
before
they
reach
adulthood. 90003
90002
90018
Moral
Challenges 90019 90003
90002

When
we
become
adults,
we
gradually
take
on
moral
responsibilities.
Adolescents
are
faced
with
difficult
moral
dilemmas
that
they
must
decide
for
themselves.Some
of
these
might
include: 90003
90051
90038

Is
it
right
to
stand
up
to
a
bully? 90039
90038

Must
I
follow
my
parents ‘
religion? 90039
90038

Is
it
okay
to
cheat
on
a
test? 90039
90038

Is
there
anything
wrong
with
using
drugs
and
alcohol? 90039
90038

Is
it
wrong
to
put
me
first? 90039
90038

Do
I
have
a
responsibility
to
help
others? 90039
90038

Am
I
mature
enough
for
a
sexual
relationship? 90039
90038

Is
physical
violence
ever
justified? 90039
90038

Should
I
leave
home
or
try
to
work
out
problems
here? 90039
90074
90002

If
you’re
a
parent,
you
may
feel
like
you
know
the
right
answers
to
all
of
these
moral
questions.An
important
element
of
maturity
is
creating
an
identity
that
is
distinct
from
your
family
of
origin.
Even
in
a
home
that
has
clearly
articulated
answers
to
these
questions,
a
teenager
will
need
to
assess
and
decide
for
themselves. 90003
90002
90018
Mental
Health
Challenges 90019 90003
90002

Adolescence
brings
a
host
of
psychological
changes
and
challenges.
Mentally
healthy
parents
allow
their
children
to
develop
independence
and
provide
emotional
support.
For
adolescents,
trusted
adults
are
a
base
of
security
that
they
can
connect
with
for
comfort
in
between
ventures
into
the
world
of
independence.Adolescents
may
be
looking
for
meaning
in
their
lives
in
a
deeper
way
than
they
ever
have
before.
Even
though
they
may
seem
flighty
or
over-emotional,
they’re
usually
looking
for
the
bigger
picture
of
what
reality
is
for
adults. 90003
90002

90002 Concerned About The Challenges That Adolescents Face? 90003 Get Answers Now. Speak With A Licensed Teen Counselor Online Today. 90013 90014 Source:
unsplash.com 90015 90003
90002

Body
image
is
a
big
concern
in
adolescents.
During
the
adolescent
phases,
young
boys
and
girls
compare
themselves
to
other
adolescents
as
well
as
adults.They
may
become
obsessed
with
their
physical
appearance,
wondering
if
their
look
can
measure
up
to
what
society
expects
of
them.
Adolescents
can
even
be
so
obsessed
with
their
appearance
that
they
become
anorexic
or
bulimic. 90003
90002

Many
mental
health
conditions
appear
first
during
adolescence.
Bipolar
disorder
is
frequently
identified
during
the
late
teenage
years.
As
adolescents ‘
hormones
gear
up,
their
emotions
tend
to
flair.
It’s
important
for
parents
to
be
aware
of
changes
in
emotional
expression
or
behavior
that
are
so
extreme
that
they
stand
out
even
among
adolescents.90003
90002

If
faced
with
what
are
or
seem
like
monumental
difficulties
and
stressors
for
the
first
time,
teens
may
become
depressed.
They
may
even
consider
suicide,
cutting,
or
other
forms
of
self-harm.
When
life
seems
too
difficult
or
if
they
want
to
escape
the
emotional
pains
that
come
with
making
this
transformation
into
adulthood,
they
may
feel
like
giving
up.
These
emotional
problems
may
be
purely
situational
and
transitory
during
their
adolescence,
or
they
may
indicate
signs
of
a
serious
mental
health
condition.90003
90145

How
To
Help
Your
Adolescent
During
These
Years 90146
90002

Adolescence
is
an
exciting
time,
both
for
the
child
and
for
their
parents.
There
are
some
things
you
can
do
to
help
your
child
meet
the
challenges
they’re
faced
with
and
become
healthy
adults. 90003
90002
90018
Work
on
Communication
Skills 90019 90003
90002

Talking
to
an
adolescent
is
both
easier
and
more
difficult
than
talking
to
a
child.
It’s
easier
because
they
understand
more
sophisticated
concepts.
At
the
same
time,
it
can
be
more
difficult
due
to
the
evolution
of
the
parental-child
relationship.A
parent
may
be
accustomed
to
telling
their
child
what
to
do
instead
of
guiding
them
to
decide
for
themselves.
Parents
may
use
different
words
to
relay
the
same
meaning.
If
you
feel
that
you’re
out
of
touch
with
adolescent
culture,
you’re
not
alone.
You
can
educate
yourself
or
simply
just
ask
them
kindly
to
rephrase
their
question.
You
can
also
encourage
your
teen
to
ask
questions
by
providing
answers
that
are
reasonable,
nonjudgmental,
and
emotionally
neutral. 90003
90002
90018
Encourage
Responsibility 90019 90003
90002

It’s
common
for
parents
to
want
to
dictate
responsibility
to
their
adolescents
directly.They
may
say
to
their
child,
‘Okay,
you
are
responsible
for
cleaning
up
after
meals. ‘
While
it
is
important
to
be
clear
and
consistent
with
rules,
there
are
other
responsibilities
that
the
child
needs
to
take
on
for
themselves.
Teens
need
to
be
allowed
to
make
decisions.
Their
responsibility
is
more
likely
if
they
are
in
agreement
about
the
rules
or
guidelines
being
proposed.
They
need
to
commit.
If
not,
you’ll
have
to
enforce
an
excessive
number
of
rules
to
ensure
that
they
do
what
you
want
them
to
do.A
good
example
of
this
is
music
lessons.
If
your
child
is not
interested
in
becoming
a
great
pianist,
they
may
not
be
willing
to
commit
to
daily
practice
sessions.
If
you
insist
that
they
do
it
anyway,
you’ll
have
to
push
every
day
to
make
them
practice.
This
can
cause
serious
conflict
over
something
that
is not
important
to
their
successful
completion
of
adolescence. 90003
90002

Rather
than
imposing
unnecessary
rules
on
your
adolescent,
you
can
do
several
things
to
encourage
them
to
take
responsibility
for
doing
positive
things
and
making
contributions.You
can
do
this
by
modeling
responsible
behavior
or
by
chatting
with
them
about
what’s
important
to
them
and
what
they
think
they
need
to
do
to
accomplish
those
tasks. 90003
90002
90018
Promote
Independence 90019 90003
90002

Your
child
may
rush
to
independence
during
adolescence,
or
they
may
balk
at
the
idea
of
venturing
out
into
the
world.
More
likely,
they’ll
move
back
and
forth
from
dependence
to
independence
as
they
learn
to
enjoy
thinking
for
themselves.
An
adult
can
be
the
emotionally
strong
and
healthy
base
of
support
for
their
teen.This
helps
your
child
develop
independence
without
feeling
overwhelmed. 90003
90002

90013 90014 Source:
unsplash.com 90015 90003
90002

Sometimes,
adolescents
do not
even
consider
that
they
can
decide
for
themselves.
If
you
recognize
an
opportunity
to
let
your
teen
practice
making
decisions,
start
by
letting
them
know
it’s
okay
if
they
do
and
that
you
know
they’ll
make
the
right
choice.
Your
confidence
in
them
will
help
them
feel
more
confident,
as
well. 90003
90002
90018
Seek
a
Professional
Opinion 90019 90003
90002

If
you
feel
you
need
help
to
communicate
with
your
adolescent
better,
therapy
can
help.Individual
therapy
gives
you
a
chance
to
learn
new
skills
on
your
own.
You
may
employ
a
therapist
to
help
mediate
conversations
in
family
therapy.
BetterHelp
offers
a
variety
of
qualified
counselors
who
can
meet
you
and
your
teen
online.
The
convenience
of
this
may
provide
a
helpful
format
to
open
communication
with
your
adolescent.
Read
below
for
some
reviews
of
BetterHelp
counselors,
from
people
experiencing
similar
issues. 90003
90002
90018
Counselor
Reviews 90019 90003
90002

«I
have
been
working
with
Carolyn
for
6
months
now,
and
have
tremendously
benefited
from
her
counseling
as
I
support
my
daughter
for
Anorexia.Anorexia
is
a
very
complex
mind-body
illness,
and
the
family
members
can
play
a
very
important
role
in
the
recovery
by
educating
ourselves
and
understanding
her
behavior.
This
allows
me
to
use
correct
words
with
her
and
watch
my
own
behavior
with
her,
so
I
am
supporting
her
in
a
healthy
manner
and
not
enabling
her
illness
further.
Additionally,
my
own
stress
has
been
very
difficult
as
I
watch
my
sweet
daughter
suffer,
so
I
had
been
in
need
of
finding
coping
skills
for
myself.
Carolyn’s
expertise,
her
very
compassionate
but
clear
guidelines
and
feedback
to
me
have
made
me
more
confident
and
capable
of
dealing
with
this
difficult
illness.I
am
finding
a
lot
of
strength
from
her
therapy,
and
most
importantly,
I
am
handling
my
daughter
better
and
can
see
the
difference
in
my
interactions
with
her.
I
am
thankful
to
Carolyn
for
coming
into
my
life
when
I
needed
someone
to
guide
me
through
this.
In
addition
to
our
weekly
video
chats,
I
am
able
to
send
her
quick
texts
on
the
BetterHelp
app
if
an
issue
arises,
and
I
need
her
thoughts,
and
Carolyn
replies
back
very
quickly
with
more
tips
to
help
me.
I
have
recommended
BetterHelp
to
friends
as
access
to
a
great
therapist
like
Carolyn
would
not
have
been
possible
for
me
without
this
platform…
while
I
also
do
this
from
the
convenience
of
my
time
and
home.
Thank
you,
Carolyn,
and
thank
you,
Betterhelp,
for
being
here
for
me! «90003
90002

90003
90002
90018
«90019 Tammi
has
made
such
a
difference
in
my
life.
Had
I
not
had
her
help,
I’m
pretty
sure
I
would’ve
lost
all
contact
with
my
19-year-old
daughter,
who
chose
to
live
with
her
father.
She
understands
teenagers
and
moms
of
teenagers!
So
kind,
wise,
experienced,
compassionate,
and
level
headed,
I
can not
say
enough
good
about
her !! «90003
90002

90003
90002
90018
Conclusion 90019 90003
90002

People
deal
with
many
complex
issues
during
adolescence.Teenagers ‘
parents
may
need
help
staying
close
to
them
while
letting
them
spread
their
wings. 90003
90002

If
you
or
someone
you
love
is
having
a
difficult
time
understanding,
communicating
with,
or
helping
their
adolescent
child
deal
with
these
tumultuous
years,
you
can
talk
to
a
counselor.
Online
counselors
are
available
at

BetterHelp

to
help
you
work
through
problems
with
your
adolescent
or
guide
you
through
the
last
phases
before
adulthood.
Adolescence
is
certainly
challenging,
but
with
the
right
help,
it
can
end
successfully
as
the
child
becomes
a
healthy,
independent
adult.Take
the

first
step

today. 90003

.90000 adolescence | Definition, Characteristics, & Stages 90001 90002 90003 Adolescence 90004, transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19. This age range falls within WHO’s definition of 90005 young people 90006, which refers to individuals between ages 10 and 24. 90007 Three youths running down a street together . 90008 Polka Dot Images / Thinkstock 90009 90002 Top Questions 90007 90012 How is adolescence defined? 90013 90002 Adolescence is the transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood.The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19. 90007 90016 Does adolescence exist in all cultures? 90013 90002 Nearly every culture recognizes adolescence as a stage of development. However, the duration and experiences of adolescence vary greatly across the cultural spectrum. 90007 90020 What kinds of changes take place during adolescence? 90013 90002 Many changes take place during adolescence. Prominent among these are physical changes, including puberty, and social and psychological changes, with development of reasoning skills, rational thought, and moral judgment.90007 90002 In many societies, however, adolescence is narrowly equated with puberty and the cycle of physical changes culminating in reproductive maturity. In other societies adolescence is understood in broader terms that encompass psychological, social, and moral terrain as well as the strictly physical aspects of maturation. In these societies the term 90005 adolescence 90006 typically refers to the period between ages 12 and 20 and is roughly equivalent to the word 90005 teens 90006. 90007 90002 During adolescence, issues of emotional (if not physical) separation from parents arise.While this sense of separation is a necessary step in the establishment of personal values, the transition to self-sufficiency forces an array of adjustments upon many adolescents. Furthermore, teenagers seldom have clear roles of their own in society but instead occupy an ambiguous period between childhood and adulthood. These issues most often define adolescence in Western cultures, and the response to them partly determines the nature of an individual’s adult years. Also during adolescence, the individual experiences an upsurge of sexual feelings following the latent sexuality of childhood.It is during adolescence that the individual learns to control and direct sexual urges. 90007 90002 Some specialists find that the difficulties of adolescence have been exaggerated and that for many adolescents the process of maturation is largely peaceful and untroubled. Other specialists consider adolescence to be an intense and often stressful developmental period characterized by specific types of behaviour. 90007
Get exclusive access to content from our тисяча сімсот шістьдесят вісім First Edition with your subscription.Subscribe today
90034 Physical and psychological transition 90035
90002 Stereotypes that portray adolescents as rebellious, distracted, thoughtless, and daring are not without precedent. Young persons experience numerous physical and social changes, often making it difficult for them to know how to behave. During puberty young bodies grow stronger and are infused with hormones that stimulate desires appropriate to ensuring the perpetuation of the species. Ultimately acting on those desires impels individuals to pursue the tasks of earning a living and having a family.90007
90002 Historically, many societies instituted formal ways for older individuals to help young people take their place in the community. Initiations, vision quests, the Hindu samskara life-cycle rituals, and other ceremonies or rites of passage helped young men and women make the transition from childhood to adulthood. An outstanding feature of such coming-of-age rites was their emphasis upon instruction in proper dress, deportment, morality, and other behaviours appropriate to adult status.90007
90002 The Kumauni hill tribes of northern India offer a vivid example of a culture that traditionally celebrates distinct stages in every child’s life. When a girl reaches puberty, her home is decorated with elaborate representations of the coming of age of a certain goddess who, wooed by a young god, is escorted to the temple in a rich wedding procession. Anthropologist Lynn Hart, who lived among the Kumauni, noted that each child grows up at the centre of the family’s attention knowing that his or her life echoes the lives of the gods.Although Kumauni teenagers may act in ways that bewilder their elders, tribal traditions ease the passage through this stage of life, helping young people to feel a connection to their community. 90007 90034 Social constraints 90035
90002 From a biological perspective, adolescence should be the best time of life. Most physical and mental functions, such as speed, strength, reaction time, and memory, are more fully developed during the teenage years. Also in adolescence, new, radical, and divergent ideas can have profound impacts on the imagination.90007
90002 Perhaps more than anything else, teenagers have a remarkable built-in resiliency, seen in their exceptional ability to overcome crises and find something positive in negative events. Studies have found that teens fully recover from bad moods in about half the time it takes adults to do so. Despite this resilience, however, for some teens these years are more stressful than rewarding-in part because of the conditions and restrictions that often accompany this period in life. 90007
90034 Restrictions on physical movement 90035
90002 Teenagers spend countless hours doing things they would prefer not to do, whether it be working or spending hours behind school desks processing information and concepts that often come across as abstract or irrelevant.Even excellent students say that most of the time they are in school they would rather be «somewhere else.» Many Western adolescents prefer to spend their time with friends in settings with minimal adult supervision. 90007
90002 The layouts of contemporary American communities-especially suburban ones-cause some teens to spend as many as four hours each day just getting to and from school, activities, work, and friends ‘houses, yet getting from place to place is not something they have control over until they obtain a driver’s license (an event that became a major rite of passage for adolescents in much of the developed world).But even with access to a car, many teenagers lack appropriate places to go and rewarding activities in which to participate. Many engage with digital devices or digital media or spend time with peers in their free time. 90007 A group of teenaged students on a school bus. 90008 © Digital Vision / Getty Images 90009
90002 Adolescents generally find that activities involving physical movement-sports, dance, and drama, for example-are among the most pleasurable and gratifying. Ironically, the opportunities for participation in such activities have dwindled, largely because budget concerns have led schools to cut many nonacademic subjects such as physical education.In some American public schools, extracurricular activities have been greatly curtailed or no longer exist. 90007
90034 Absence of meaningful responsibility 90035
90002 In the 1950s the increasingly important teenage market became a driving force in popular music (especially rock music), film, television, and clothing. Indeed, in those countries experiencing the post-World War II economic boom, adolescence was transformed by the emergence of teenagers as consumers with money to spend. In the contemporary developed world, adolescents face a bewildering array of consumer choices that include television programs, movies, magazines, CDs, cosmetics, computers and computer paraphernalia, clothes, athletic shoes, jewelry, and games.But while many teenagers in these relatively affluent countries have no end of material amusements and distractions, they have few meaningful responsibilities, in sharp contrast both to their counterparts in countries struggling merely to survive and to earlier generations. 90007
90002 Alexander the Great (356-323 bce) was still a teenager when he set out to conquer a large part of the known world at the head of his father’s Macedonian armies. Lorenzo de ‘Medici (1449-92) was an adolescent when his father sent him to Paris to work out subtle financial deals with the king of France.On a less exalted level, until a few generations ago, boys as young as age five or six were expected to work in factories or mines for 70 or more hours a week. In almost all parts of the world, girls were expected to marry and take on the responsibilities of running a household as early as possible. 90007
90002 In 1950 German-born American psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson described adolescence in modern Western societies as a «moratorium,» a period of freedom from responsibilities that allows young people to experiment with a number of options before settling on a lifelong career.Such a moratorium may be appropriate in a culture marked by rapid changes in vocational opportunities and lifestyles. If young people are excluded from responsibilities for too long, however, they may never properly learn how to manage their own lives or care for those who depend on them. 90007
90002 Of course some adolescents create astonishing opportunities for themselves. William Hewlett and David Packard were teens when each began experimenting with electronic machines, and they founded the Hewlett-Packard Company when they were only in their mid 20s.As an adolescent, Microsoft Corporation cofounder Bill Gates was already formulating the business strategy that just a few years later would dumbfound the IBM colossus and make him one of the wealthiest men in the world. By and large, however, most teens play a waiting game, expecting to start «really living» only after they leave school. As useful as these years can be in preparing teens for their future roles in society, this isolation from «real» life can be enormously frustrating. In order to feel alive and important, then, many teenagers express themselves in ways that seem senseless to the rest of the population.90007
90034 Isolation from adults 90035
90002 In many public schools in the United States, student-teacher ratios of between roughly 12 and 25 (depending on whether the school is private or public) mean that the classroom atmosphere is influenced considerably more by peers than by teachers. At home teenagers spend at least several hours each day without parents or other adults present. Moreover, during the little time when adolescents are at home with their parents, the family typically watches television or the children disappear to study, play games, listen to music, or communicate with friends on computers, phones, or other devices.90007
90002 Estrangement from parents has clear effects. Teens who do little and spend little time with their parents are likely to be bored, uninterested, and self-centred. Lack of positive interaction with adults is particularly problematic in urban settings that had once enjoyed a lively «street-corner society,» where men traditionally shared their experiences with younger ones in a setting that was casual and relaxed. This vital facet in the socialization of young men has largely disappeared to the detriment of individual lives and communities.In its place, peer influence can be counterproductive by reinforcing a sense of underachievement or sanctioning deviant behaviour. 90007
90034 Deviance 90035
90002 With little power and little control over their lives, teens often feel that they have marginal status and therefore may be driven to seek the respect that they feel they lack. Without clear roles, adolescents may establish their own pecking order and spend their time pursuing irresponsible or deviant activities. For example, unwed teen motherhood is sometimes the result of a desire for attention, respect, and control, while most gang fights and instances of juvenile homicide occur when teenagers (boys and girls alike) feel that they have been slighted or offended by others.Such deviance can take many forms. Insecurity and rage often lead to vandalism, juvenile delinquency, and illegal use of drugs and alcohol. Violence and crime, of course, are as old as humankind. 90007
90002 Contemporary juvenile violence is often driven by the boredom young people experience in a barren environment. Even the wealthiest suburbs with the most lavish amenities can be «barren» when viewed from an adolescent’s perspective. Ironically, suburban life is meant to protect children from the dangers of the big city.Parents choose such locations in the hope that their children will grow up happy and secure. But safety and homogeneity can be quite boring. When deprived of meaningful activities and responsible guidance, many teens find that the only opportunities for «feeling alive» are stealing a car, breaking a school window, or ingesting a mind-altering drug. A middle-class adolescent caught with jewelry that he had stolen from a neighbour’s house claimed that the act of stealing had been fun. Like other teenagers, by «fun» he meant something exciting and slightly dangerous that takes nerve as well as skill.In parts of Asia and Africa, similarly, rebel groups have conscripted teens who go on to find excitement and self-respect behind machine guns. Millions of them have died prematurely as a result. 90007
90002 Behavioral scientists have gained valuable insight into the conditions that cause teenage strife. In many cases, adults are in the position to alleviate some of the frictions that make intergenerational relations more strained than they need to be. Research indicates that those adolescents who have the opportunity to develop a relationship with an adult role model (parental or otherwise) are more successful than their peers in coping with the everyday stresses of life.90007.90000 Adolescent Age Range And What It Means 90001
90002 By Sarah Fader 90003

90002 Updated July 03, 2020 90003

90002 Reviewer Deborah Horton 90003
90002 90003
90002 Source: rawpixel.com 90003
90002 We feel your pain. We really do. 90003
90002 One minute your teen is demanding adult responsibilities like driving privileges and a later curfew.The next she is whining about being asked to take out the trash. 90003
90002 Your son is taller than you are, yet he still needs help remembering to finish his homework assignments and to put his socks in the laundry. 90003
90002 So is your adolescent child an adult now? Is she ready for adult responsibilities? 90003
90002 Or is he still a child? 90003
90002 It’s so hard to tell. Depending on the day, you’re not sure whether you should let your teen try living on her own or whether you should take away her car keys and lock her safely in her room for eternity.90003
90002 But while the constant waffling between childhood and adulthood may be an annoying inconvenience for you, that ill-defined no-man’s-land between childhood and adulthood poses some legal and cultural challenges to society in general. This maddening gray area is evident in the many inconsistencies in our laws and social policies. 90003
90002 When a youth turns 16, he is legally allowed to drive, to drop out of school, or to declare emancipation from his parents. But he may not rent a car or drive with another young driver until the age of 25.He is allowed to vote at 18, but he’s not allowed to serve as a representative to the U.S. Congress until the age of 25. He is allowed to smoke cigarettes at 18, but not allowed to consume alcohol until the age of 21. He may begin working at the age of 14, but he is allowed to remain on his parents ‘health insurance until the age of 25. 90003
90002 Our laws reveal our uncertainty about where exactly adolescence begins and ends, and this uncertainty can create real problems. To what degree do we hold teenagers legally responsible for their actions? Should we give them adult responsibilities like driving, drinking, voting and running for elected office? Or should we prolong childhood as long as possible to keep them safe? 90003
90002 It seems clear that moving too far in either direction is problematic.If we give adolescents more responsibility than they can handle, this not only harms them but their communities and the larger society as well. But if we hold their hands for too long, we risk creating a generation of young people who lack the confidence to care for themselves. 90003
90002 So what’s the answer? What is the right age to declare that a young person is no longer an adolescent … but an adult? What’s the adolescent age range definition? 90003
90002 The answer is more complicated than you might think 90003
90002 90003
90002 Source: pixabay.com 90003
90040 90041 Stages Of Adolescence 90042 90043
90002 Nearly everyone agrees that adolescence can be broken into three stages: early, middle and late adolescence. 90003
90002 However, the chronological ages of these stages have evolved due to changes in our culture. 90003
90002 It is commonly accepted that adolescence kicks off with the onset of puberty. This is the beginning of the physical development that will take place throughout adolescence. By middle adolescence, much of this work is finished: teens have nearly attained their adult height and weight, and they have the physical capacity to reproduce.90003
90002 Due to improvements in health and nutrition, puberty is now happening much earlier than it used to. This effectively means that adolescence begins sooner, at about the age of 10 as opposed to 14. 90003
90002 At the other end of the spectrum, adolescence seems to last longer than it used to, as well. The average age for both men and women to enter their first marriage continues to rise. Adolescents are now more likely to prolong their educational experience by going to college or university, or even grad school, thus postponing entering the workforce.Also, recent scientific discoveries about brain development reveal that the prefrontal cortex (the part of the brain responsible for rational decision making) is not fully developed until some time in our mid-twenties. 90003
90002 For all these reasons, the precise ages for each stage of adolescence seem to be a moving target. 90003
90002 Here is a breakdown of each stage with approximate age ranges and some of the tasks accomplished in each 90003
90002 90003
90002 Source: pixabay.com 90003
90002 90041 Early Adolescence (ages 11-13) 90042 90003
90002 This is the time of the greatest physical growth; your child’s height and weight will rapidly increase.Boys ‘voices will deepen, and girls will begin to menstruate. Both boys and girls develop the cognitive ability to understand that their parents are not perfect, and this may result in conflict. They still share the same value system as their parents. At this age, children see right and wrong in concrete, black-and-white terms. They will become moody and insist on more privacy. 90003
90002 90041 Middle Adolescence (ages 14-18) 90042 90003
90002 At this stage, puberty is mostly completed. Teens are now able to engage in abstract and relativist thinking, which helps them with the formation of their own identity as separate from their parents.They can think about the future and set clear goals. Peer groups continue to be important. Teens will define their identities and values ​​based on their peer groups rather than their parents. They may develop feelings of love or passion for the opposite sex. 90003
90002 90041 Late Adolescence (ages 19-21 +) 90042 90003
90002 At this stage, adolescents can demonstrate concern and compassion for the feelings of others. They have developed a sense of self that is separate from their parents or their peer group.Their peer relationships are still important, and they also begin to develop more serious relationships. The traditions of their upbringing and culture may once again become important, as they reflect on their earlier selves as part of their larger identity. They can engage in adult thinking and to set clearly defined goals for the future. 90003
90002 Of course, it’s difficult to predict where your child might fall within these approximate age ranges. Some might start puberty as young as 9. Others might still be at work on the tasks of adolescent development as late as age 29.90003
90002 So how can parents, communities and government entities come to a consensus about the correct age to launch young people into adulthood? 90003
90002 90003
90002 Source: pixabay.com 90003
90088 90041 When Does Adolescence End? 90042 90091
90002 Until recent years, 19 was the commonly agreed-upon age for the end of adolescence. In most cultures, this coincided with the end of secondary education and the beginning of a young person’s encounter with the full-time working world.90003
90002 In fact, many argue that the entire concept of adolescence is nothing more than a social construct which did not even exist 100 years ago. The first mention of adolescence was in a paper written in 1904. Before that time, children left school and entered the workforce at young ages. When child labor laws got children out of the workforce, and other laws kept them in school longer, it lengthened their time of dependence, freeing them to work on social and cognitive tasks of growing up which they might otherwise have ignored.90003
90002 There are some who think that similar cultural shifts are creating yet another developmental no-man’s-land, which needs yet another definition. Psychologists now believe that longer overall lifespans combined with the postponement of traditional adult responsibilities give us a group known as «emerging adults.» 90003
90002 In many ways, this label seems to fit. With increasing independence, it seems disrespectful to label a young person in his twenties as an «adolescent.» However, he has not yet quite achieved the traditional milestones of adulthood.90003
90002 Whether we extend the age range for adolescent development to 24, or we label twentysomethings as «emerging adults,» it seems clear that young people in this age group need just the right balance of independence and nurturing. 90003
90002 90041 Implications 90042 90003
90002 What implications does extending the adolescent age range mean for public policy? 90003
90002 Here are a few logical results. 90003
90110
90111 Extending youth support services to the age of 25, especially for those in foster care or with special needs 90112
90111 Expanded mental health services for adolescents 90112
90111 Delay the age when adolescents are considered legally competent to make their own decisions 90112
90111 Ensure that adolescents and «emerging adults» have access to quality healthcare 90112
90119
90002 Of course, each of these recommendations has the potential to cause a domino effect on our culture.What might happen to teens who live in abusive homes and want to be emancipated from their parents? What about young girls facing an unplanned pregnancy who need to seek out services, but whose parents are morally opposed to abortion? The debate about when young people are old enough to make their own decisions has many personal and deeply emotional implications. 90003
90002 There is also the question of whether we are «coddling» our young people too much by shielding them from responsibility.After all, a twenty-year-old would shrink from referring to himself as an «adolescent,» and prefers to be considered an adult. If that’s the case, should not we give him the respect of allowing him to make decisions on his own? 90003
90002 90003
90002 Source: pixabay.com 90003
90002 90041 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 90042 90003
90002 90041 What are the 3 stages of adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 It is commonly accepted that adolescents undergo three major developmental stages which are early adolescence, middle adolescence, and late adolescence (early adulthood).Because of how critical the adolescent transition is, psychologists and major mental health bodies like the American Psychological Association (APA) recommend that timely and constructive interventions and support are most needed during this period.Knowing the different stages of adolescent development will go a long way to help you understand their behaviors, thought systems, and feelings they are experiencing per time. 90003
90110
90111 90041 Early Adolescence: 90042 This is the stage when a teenager is approaching puberty.During this stage, adolescents of both sexes go through physical growth and increased sexual development and interests. This period is often uncomfortable for some as their body, mind, and intellect are experiencing some changes which influence their emotional and psychological growth. Though during this stage, they may have limited interest in the future, their moral thinking is usually developed during this stage. 90112
90111 90041 Middle Adolescence: 90042 For both males and females, this is the period when puberty is completed, although, physical growth may slow down.Cognitively, they tend to be more abstract, although, they may go back to concrete thinking when stressed. Adolescents in this stage are more aware of themselves and they experience several social, economical and psychological changes such as an increased drive for independence and increased self-involvement. 90112
90111 90041 Late Adolescence: 90042 This is the young adulthood phase where adolescence experience lesser physical development, and more psychological and mental developments.They think and act more rationally, make decisions about their future, are more emotionally stable and independent, and have a firmer sense of self-identity. 90112
90119
90002 90041 What are the 5 characteristics of Adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood to adulthood, and it is usually characterized by rapid developments and changes that may be inconsistent and uncomfortable. The 5 characteristics of adolescence are: 90003
90110
90111 Biological Growth and Development: This is the onset of adolescence which is marked by the beginning of puberty.Growth spurts, voice changes, sexual characteristics are developed, complexion problems may occur, and specific hormones are released. 90112
90111 Undefined status: Adolescents tend to be subjected to unclear social expectations, which usually vary by culture and upbringing. Some are treated as children, while some, as adults. Some may be allowed to marry at age 16, vote at 18, and take alcohol at age 21. 90112
90111 Increased Decision making: Adolescents and preteens begin to become responsible and take more decisions themselves, set goals and chase career paths.90112
90111 Increased pressure: Parents, teachers, and peers all pressurizes adolescents to behave and act in specific manners. Peer pressure is always the strongest during adolescence and a lot of teens may feel pressured to go into romantic relationships or get a job. 90112
90111 The Search for Self: Adolescents can establish what is normal or acceptable and they also begin to set important priorities. They also prepare for future roles and try to equip and prepare themselves to assume these roles in the near future.90112
90119
90002 90041 What are the types of adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 According to the American Psychological Association (APA), the different classification of adolescents are the 90041 purely rebellious 90042 — young people who push the patience of their parents and adults around them, continuously trying to shed off the old ‘child’ identity and prove all grown up. Some of these adolescents continually get involved in vices like car theft, carjacking, pick-pocketing, drugs, etc.The other type of adolescents are the 90041 purely compliant 90042 who are generally obedient and abide by the set rules by their parents and adult models. And there is also the 90041 mixed type 90042 of adolescents who are a combination of the two. 90003
90002 90041 What are the four stages of adolescence? 90042 90003
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90111 90041 Stage One: Letting Childhood Go 90042 90112
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90002 Early Adolescence (Ages 9-13): This is the phase when they let childhood go, and may begin to express dissatisfaction when being defined or treated as a child.They become less interested in traditional childhood activities, expressing grievances about limits on personal freedom and seemingly unfair demands from adults in their lives. 90003
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90111 90041 Stage Two: Forming A Family with Friends 90042 90112
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90002 Mid Adolescence (Ages 13-15): This is the stage when adolescents are more aware of themselves, are given to peer pressure, and are driven by the desire for social freedom from parents and the need for immediate gratification.They become more concerned about acceptance and the need to belong amongst their peers, and most decisions are driven by this need to blend in. They may also desire to spend more time with their friends rather than their parents. 90003
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90111 90041 Stage Three: Acting all Grown Up 90042 90112
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90002 Late Adolescence (Ages 15-18): Adolescents at this stage exhibit more level of independence, as they are now engaged in more grown-up activities like paid employment, involvement in romantic relationships, driving a car, setting goals for the future, etc.They tend to push for more adult freedom and this may sometimes be problematic for parents or adult figures in their lives. 90003
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90111 90041 Stage Four: Stepping Off on their Own 90042 90112
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90002 Young Adulthood (Ages 18-23): This is the trial independence phase. They are more independent and mostly may even get separated from home, live independently, pursue set goals, and are more responsible for their actions and decisions. 90003
90002 90041 Why is adolescence so difficult? 90042 90003
90002 According to the American Psychological Association, the period of transition from a child who is dependent on parents, to a self-reliant and independent adult is one of the most dynamic, extensive, and influential developmental periods in a human’s life.Adolescence is considered the most difficult stage of a person’s life and this can be traced to the fact that the phase comes with rapid physical, behavioral, emotional, and psychological changes. As much as it can be an exciting period, it can also be very uncomfortable and confusing for both the adolescent and even their parents. From the time puberty begins, they begin to experience changes in physical appearance, girls begin to menstruate, boys grow muscles, and they begin to act and feel differently.They also start seeking relationships outside their immediate family, give in to peer pressure, and seeking gratification and acceptance which may make them begin to unhealthy decisions. Of course, disagreements begin to occur between adolescents and their parents as they now want to have their way with things, keep secrets, take decisions without involving their parents, spend more time outside with friends, and seek independence from parents. 90003
90002 90041 What are the 5 stages of adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 There are major developmental stages that adolescents go through and parents and other adults need to understand these so they can relate better with the adolescents and also support and care for them.The five stages of adolescent development are: 90003
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90111 Physical Development: This is a primary characteristic of adolescence. Adolescents experience growth spouts, skeletal structures experience changes, brain development, as well as hormonal and sexual developments, occur. Girls begin to develop breasts and hips, and menstruation also starts, while boys begin to grow muscles. The physical changes may vary by gender; for girls, these changes may begin from age 12, while for boys, changes may begin at about age 14.90112
90111 Social Development: Adolescents begin to socialize and relate more to with their peers than their parents. While as kids, children have loyalty to their parents or other adult role models like teachers, this loyalty shifts to their friends and peers at adolescence. They begin to have a strong need to belong, and peer approval and perception is of great importance for them, while adult approval may reduce in importance. 90112
90111 Emotional Development: Adolescence is the phase when emotions begin to run high.Preteens may begin to exhibit argumentative and even aggressive behaviors as a result of sudden and intense emotions. And because they are beginning to develop a sense of self, they may alsoo become self-absorbed and preoccupied with themselves, whilst also scrutinizing their thought processes and personalities. They also constantly test the limits of what behaviors are acceptable and challenge adult authority. Adolescents also tend to overreact to situations, ridicule or make fun of others, or feel embarrassment.90112
90111 Intellectual Development: This is another major characteristic of adolescence; and while it is not as visible as physical development, it is just as strong. Adolescents tend to exhibit a wide range of individual cognitive characteristics, including independent thoughts and metacognition. They develop higher thinking, advanced language skills, a sense of purpose, and social consciousness. 90112
90111 Moral Development: It is during adolescents that kids ‘attitudes, belief systems, and values ​​are formed, and these traits usually remain with them forever.Adolescents move away from just accepting the adult moral judgment and they develop their own set of values, although they usually hold on to the values ​​of parents or adult role models. They also tend to be idealistic and possess a strong sense of fairness, as well as reconciling their understanding of people who care about them with their egocentricity. Adolescents may approach moral dilemmas in different ways, depending on gender- boys view moral issues through justice lens and females, through interpersonal care lens.90112
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90002 90041 At what age does adolescence end? 90042 90003
90002 The phase of adolescence is known to kickstart when puberty begins and ends when adult identity and behavior are established. This development phase corresponds to the period between 10 and 19 years of age, which also goes in line with the World Health Organization’s definition of adolescence. 90003
90002 90041 What are the 7 stages of development? 90042 90003
90002 The following are the 7 stages of human growth and development: 90003
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90111 90041 Conception: 90042 This is the stage when the sperm from the man and the egg cells from the woman joins together to form a foetus.It is the beginning of human life. 90112
90111 90041 Infancy 90042: This is the stage from a child’s birth up to about 18months. The child is solely dependent on parents, and also begins to crawl, roll over, walk, and is relatively active. Regarding physical development, infancy is the stage where growth is most rapid. It is also during infancy that the child begins to develop a sense of trust in its caregivers when basic emotional and physical needs are met, and lack of such may go on to affect the child almost throughout its lifetime.90112
90111 90041 Childhood: 90042 This is the period between 18months to about 13 years of age. Usually, growth happens in spurts and the child becomes more independent. Fine and gross motor skills are developed. 90112
90111 90041 Adolescence: 90042 During this stage of development is when puberty occurs- between 13years to 18years. Physical features like breasts, hips, and muscles develop, and emotional and social changes also take place. The child begins to find pleasure in spending more time with friends instead of at home, submits to peer pressure, and cares a lot about validation and acceptance from peers.Adolescents may also begin to pick and have goals for their future during this phase. They also may get independence from parents as they begin to work during this period. This the stage that prepares one for adulthood. 90112
90111 90041 Adulthood: 90042 This developmental period launches one into full adulthood, and it begins around 18 years. Physical changes stop, while emotional, cognitive, and social changes continue. This is the point in a human’s life where one establishes intimate relationships and friendships.They pursue their career and life goals, many get into romantic and marital relationships, have children, and build families. 90112
90111 90041 Middle Age: 90042 This phase begins around 45 years of age. Generally, during this stage, people are caught between productivity or being stagnant. During this stage, the body begins to deteriorate from its peak and adults lose some of their physical strength, agility, ability, and body functions. This is the period that reflects the need to create a legacy that would make one continue to be relevant even during this period and as they approach old age.90112
90111 90041 Old Age: 90042 This phase begins at around age 65. People in this stage tend to become more dependent on full-time care from children or family members, and are more prone to lifestyle diseases like cancer, stroke, etc, during this phase. This is the last stage of human life, after which death occurs. 90112
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90002 90041 What are the problems of adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 Being the period when active growth and physical, emotional, sexual, psychological occurs, adolescence is a potentially turbulent period that comes with series of problems.A lot of adolescence tend to get into depression as they pursue the need to fit into a group, low self-esteem as a result of body changes, prevalent bullying issues, etc. Adolescents may also suffer from Dysthymia, a mood disorder that is a bit less acute than the major depressive disorder but can be quite as chronic. It is known to last for close to 2years. Another prevalent problem is anxiety disorders, which stems from the expectations that they have for themselves, or that others may have about them.The antisocial and oppositional defiant disorder is also a common problem in adolescents- teenagers disobeying rules, being disrespectful, being very impulsive and acting without thinking, stealing, not caring about how their actions affect others, being violent to people and animals, etc. Issues that are related to growth and development, education / schooling, emotional instability, social-phobia, eating disorders, some childhood sicknesses which may extend to adolescence, mental health disorders are some problems of adolescence.90003
90002 90041 What are the developmental stages of a teenager? 90042 90003
90002 For adolescents in their teenage years, some of the developmental milestones that may occur are: 90003
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90111 Physical Development: This is the period when the difference in growth for boys and girls is most noticeable. While boys are hitting the age in which they begin to grow rapidly, girls are slowing down on the growth. Boys are growing muscles while hips and breasts are showing in girls.This period, most teenagers have a big appetite- which sometimes, leads to obesity if not well managed, may need more sleep, become more agile and coordinated which helps them to learn new skills and attempt complex projects. 90112
90111 Cognitive Developments: Teenagers may begin to think more about their lives, and even also how the world works as a whole. They begin to show increasing ability to make informed guesses, reason and sort facts from fiction. They think more abstractly, build strong reasoning skills, set personal goals for the future, and make their own decisions.They also begin to develop a strong sense of right and wrong. 90112
90111 Socio-Emotional Development: During the teen years, kids exhibit huge emotional and social changes as they grow. They begin to strive for independence, recognize personal strengths and challenges, are driven by peer acceptance, want to make more friends, may seem impulsive, moody, self-centered, argumentative. They also develop a better sense of who they are and the positive contributions they can make to friendships and other relationships in their lives.90112
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90002 90041 What happens in late adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 This phase is a transforming moment in an adolescent’s life, and the different milestones of development have prepared the adolescent for this final transition into adulthood. Usually, physical development is already complete by late adolescence, and at this point, the young adult already developed a sense of personal identity, has a more rational and realistic conscience and perspective about life and has refined moral, sexual, and religious values.Intellectually, the adolescent is still developing and this process may continue into the third decade of life. The society, however, regards kids in the late adolescent stage as legal adults in many ways. 90003
90002 90041 Is adolescence a stressful time? 90042 90003
90002 The adolescence phase is a period marked with inevitable turmoil which is a result of the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is often referred to as a period of ‘storm and stress’ for both the adolescents and their parents alike.The trouble with emotions, behavior, and relationships, especially with parents or guardians- is more prevalent. The reasons for this storm and stress is not farfetched- hormones are growing here and there, realities of life and accumulated stress factors setting in, physical growth and kids are more sensitive, peer pressure influences set in, unmet expectations, and so on. As difficult as this period can be, a lot of reputable organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA), and the World Health Organization amongst others provide numerous recommendations on to make this development stage easier for both the adolescents and the adults in their lives.Talking to a trained psychologist like the ones at ReGain can also help in tremendous ways. 90003
90002 90041 What changes happen during middle adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 During middle adolescence, usually between 14 to about 18 years, the puberty-related physical changes continue. Growth spurt will have started in boys, while for girls, physical changes are nearly complete and most girls have their regular menstrual periods. Many teenagers may become more interested in sexual and romantic relationships during this stage, as they begin to question and explore their sexual identity.Adolescents in this phase may also have increasing arguments with their parents as they begin to find out that their parents are not perfect and start to test boundaries. They also tend to desire time outside with friends than inside the home, and peer pressure is mostly at its peak. Their brain also continues to change and mature, although, there is still a lot of difference in the way a typical middle adolescent thinks, compared to an adult. 90003
90002 90041 What is the difference between puberty and adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 Although the meaning of the two words tends to get blurred during discussions and writings, the two are not the same thing.Puberty can be referred to as the period during which changes — especially physical and biological- happen, while adolescence is the period when someone transitions psychologically and socially from childhood into adulthood. Adolescence encompasses a larger period than puberty because the latter is over when the young individual’s body has fully transformed. Of course, it still takes some more time for him or her to be considered an adult. 90003
90002 Simply put, puberty is a phase of physical transition, while adolescence is the social and psychological transition.90003
90002 90041 What happens in the brain during adolescence? 90042 90003
90002 The brain of children always has a rapid growth spurt when they are young. As soon as they are six, their brains are already about 90-95% the size of an adult brain. Adolescence is a period of significant growth and development in a teenager’s brain, and while some of these changes happen before puberty, some continue even long after. This may depend on age, hormonal changes in puberty, experience, etc. Usually, the main change is that the unused connections in the thinking and processing aspect of the child’s brain which is called the ‘grey matter’ gets pruned away, whilst other connections are being strengthened at the same time.This way, the brain is becoming more efficient, based on the ‘use it or lose it’ principle. This pruning process starts in the back of the brain, while the prefrontal cortex, which is the front part of the brain, gets remodeled last. The prefrontal cortex, being the decision-making part of the brain is what makes the adolescent able to plan and also to think about actions and consequences, control impulses, and solve problems, and these changes go on into early adulthood. However, because the development of the prefrontal cortex is still ongoing, teenagers may rely on the amygdala- a part of the brain associated with impulses, emotions, instincts, and aggression- to make decisions and solve problems more than adults do.90003
90002 It’s understandably terrifying to think of young people out there driving, drinking, voting, and making adult decisions that affect all of us when their brains and personalities are still in such a constant state of flux. But perhaps it is only by allowing them the freedom to make mistakes that they can truly discover who they are. 90003
90002 If you or someone you love is an adolescent or an emerging adult in need of support, do not hesitate to get in touch with one of our trained counselors at BetterHelp today.90003
.90000 Coming of age- Adolescent health 90001 90002 Tackling gender norms that have a negative effect on health is critical. Studies of gender norms shows that during adolescence, in many countries, boys see an expansion of their horizons — they gain access to new opportunities, whereas girls can have fewer options, and their worlds shrink. At the same time, boys also are put at risk through the reinforcement of negative gender stereotypes, which encourage risk-taking behaviours and can perpetuate violence.Engaging young people in conversations about their own perceptions of gender norms, promoting gender equity in parenting and education, and tapping into the reach of media and technology could all help counter harmful gender norms that begin from infancy. 90003 90004 90002 Both girls and boys require support in overcoming barriers to accessing healthcare. In Nepal, for example, the Ministry of Health realized its adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme did not account for barriers such as distance and cost of travel, inability to come during opening hours, and a lack of privacy and confidentiality.It is now planning to introduce measures to address such constraints, including an increased focus on outreach services in disadvantaged areas and enhanced community engagement. 90003 90004 90002 A push to improve primary health care, led by the Global Conference on Primary Health Care in Astana this October, is an opportunity to shape primary care services that are responsive to adolescents ‘needs, including through youth engagement. Such a system would need to ensure that: adolescents know when and where to access services and pay no fees at the point of care; that providers are trained and have incentives for delivering adolescent-responsive care, including preventive care; and that no mandatory third party authorizations (e.g. parental or guardian permissions) are required for adolescents to use sexual and reproductive health services. 90004 90002 At the same time, while it will be important both to strengthen the ability of existing health services to respond to adolescents ‘health needs, it will also be important to reach young people where they are. This might include new uses of technology, as well as programmes that support active youth outreach at homes and schools. 90004 90002 An initiative led by WHO and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) aims to make every school a ‘health-promoting school’.The two organizations are working to develop and promote a set of global standards to guide schools and their communities to become healthy and safe places for learning. 90004 What is clear, is that improving adolescent health at all these levels is a very necessary investment in the future of our societies. «It is time that adolescent health comes of age,» says Baltag. «Adolescent health is a smart investment. Not only will it improve adolescent health and survival in the short-term, but will bring benefits for their future health as adults, and for the next generation to come.».